Comparative Observations on the Characteristics of Short Term Capital Movement in Shanghai and Bombay, 1930-1935: Two Monetary Spheres of Gold and Silver and Asian International Financial Order during the Early 1930s
上海與孟買之短期資金動向的比較觀察(1930-1935): 一九三O年代前期金、銀兩個貨幣圈與亞洲國際金融秩序
Yu-Ping Lee | 李宇平

India abolished the silver standard in 1927. As she exported gold to the UK and imported long- and short-term capital from there, India was viewed as a "stabilizer" that balanced the international economy between Great Britain and the sterling area. However, around the time of the WWI, the US was seen as a "destabilizing factor" in the international financial sector. China and India were in similar positions in the international division of labor, and were both silver holders, but played significantly different roles in the international financial market. In the early 1930s, China had already become the only country that maintained the silver standard. The silver, which acted as the means of exchange, was most vulnerable to speculation on the international market. After the US's adoption of the silver policy in 1933, the international financial world fell into disorder due to the rapid outflow of Chinese silver and the wild fluctuation of its value. This made China the same kind of "destabilizing factor" in international finance as the US. This paper focuses on the two different roles China and India played in international finance in the early 1930s and studies the short-term capital flow of gold and silver. The paper supports the aforementioned argument by examining the moving scale and functions of international capital, exploring the types and integration of the international financial markets, and comparing the developments of currency and credit in different countries.

印度自1927年即廢止銀本位,由於長期對英國輸出金,又自英國輸入長、短期資金,被視為扮演平衡英國及英鎊區國際經濟的「安定角色」。一次大戰前後美國被稱為是國際金融界的「擾亂因子」。中國在國際分工體系中與印度位在同一地位,但在1930年代前期仍是世界唯一的銀本位國,用為交易手段的白銀為國際市場最具投機性的商品,特別是在1933年後美國實施白銀政策後,國際金融界因中國白銀大量外流及價值巨幅波動而動盪不安,致中國尾隨美國之後,也成了國際金融界的「擾亂因子」。本文針對1930年代前期中國與印度在國際金融界扮演的兩種不同角色,就黃金和白銀的短期資金動向進行觀察,分從國際資本的移動規模與機能、國際金融市場的類型與整合、貨幣與信用發展的國際比較等不同面向,說明此一論點。